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21-25

PASSAGE 1: QUESTION 21-25

Direction: Read the passage and complete the task:

The value of friendship

Recent research into the world of teenagers has suggested that they value friendship above everything else. Children aged between 12 and 15 were asked what was important to them. Their answers included possessions such as money and computer gadgets but also relationships with people. The teenagers questioned said that friends were the most important to them, more even than family, or boyfriends and girlfriends.

We wanted to find out more about the results of this research so we asked our readers what they thought about the value of friendship. Here are some examples of what they said about their friends:

Ben, 15:

Every time I have a fight with my parents, I need some time on my own. But after that, the first thing I do is meet up with my friends. After playing football for a while, or skateboarding, I usually feel much happier again.

Rory, 13:

When I moved to a village in the countryside, I thought that it would be the end of my friendships. But my old friends have kept in touch and they come and visit in the holidays. There’s a lake nearby, so we often go sailing, water-skiing or windsurfing. And I have made some new friends here too, at school, and since I joined the rugby club.

Carlos, 11:

Last year, I broke my arm on a skiing holiday. Unfortunately, it was my left arm and I am left-handed. My school friends all helped and copied their notes for me.

It seems that out readers value their friendships very highly. From what they told us, they spend a lot of time with their friends, just hanging out, or sharing hobbies and interests. They seem to need their friends for advice, help, chats, and for having fun. Clearly, friends make each other feel better. Looking at what our readers told us, the results of the recent research are not really surprising.

Question 21: Why are Ben, Rory and Carlos mentioned in the article?

A. They know why teenagers value friendship.

B. They gave information about themselves.

C. They read magazines.

D. They are teenage boys

Question 22: Which of the following best describes Ben?

A. He often has fights

B. He likes being alone.

C. He is happier than his friends.

D. He likes some sports.

Question 23: What do we know about the lake that Rory visits?

A. It is near the school

B. It is near his home

C. It is used by a lot of people who do water sports.

D. It is in a village.

Question 24: Carloss mentions that he is left-handed because…

A. it makes skiing harder.

B. it makes it worse that he broke the arm he uses most.

C. it is an interesting fact about himself and he was talking about his left arm.

D. it is very unfortunate when you break your left arm

Question 25: The answers to the recent research and the answers from the readers…

A. were surprising.

B. were the same.

C. were similar.

D. were both about sports.

26-30

31-35

PASSAGE 3: QUESTION 31-35

DIRECTION: Use MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text to answer the following questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Environmental Impact of Mining on People

Mining operations by their very nature have major impacts, positive and negative, on the local area and on local communities. They are usually in remote places and the people affected are often isolated or neglected communities.

it is inevitable that mining operations will disturb the environment in a fairly dramatic way. Forrest cover may have been to cut down to clear the site of the mine or for access roads. Tunnels or open-cut pits are dug. Overburden is removed and dumped nearby, usually to erode slowly into nearby streams and rivers. tailings from the ore processing plants have to be put somewhere preferably into an on-site tailings dam, but more likely straight into a river and/ or the sea.

Mine tailings many contain some dangerous chemicals, but the major problem is usually the huge amounts of solid sediment that they put into the river system, and the effect this has on water quality and marine life. This can directly affect the livelihood of people living downstream who depend on the river for fish, for drinking water for themselves and their animals, or for cooking or washing. Heavy sedimentation can silt up rivers, making transportation difficult and causing fields and forests by the river banks to flood.

Other environmental effects include air pollution from trucks tearing along dusty access roads, or more seriously, fumes from ore processing plants. Kelera, a woman who lives with her husband and two school-age children near the Australian-owned Emperor Gold Mine in Fiji, describes it thus:

When the gas come, sometimes in the morning, it falls like a mist, and all the children start coughing, and we cough too. The people who get asthma, they are the ones who are really frightened to death. But what can you do? When the gas comes you have to breathe it ...You know how strong it is? I tell you. the chili and the betel leaves that we grow, they just die. It’s as though you took hot water and spilled it on the grass, and the next day you go and see what it looks like. It’s just like that. (358 words)

Use MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text to answer the following questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

31. In what kind of areas do mining operations usually occur?

32. What will be cleared from a site before mining begins?

33. Where do the tailings come from?

34. What aspect of mining will have the major impact on the river system?

35. What two air pollutants are often associated with a mining operation?

36-42

Question: 31

PASSAGE 4: QUESTION 36-42

Direction: Choose the most suitable heading for each section from the list of headings (i-ix) below

Soccer Violence

PARAGRAPH 1. Fiorentina's exclusion from the UEFA Cup after a match official was injured by a firecracker thrown during their second-round match with Grasshopper Zurich in Salerno brought hooliganism back in the media.

PARAGRAPH 2. The Florence club are appealing against the decision, arguing that the object was thrown by rival Salernitana fans and the ban would set a dangerous precedent. But UEFA will have borne in mind that Fiorentina were playing so far away from home only because they had been banned from their own ground for crowd trouble in Europe last season.

PARAGRAPH 3. Whether Fiorentina have been hard done by or not, fan violence is a major problem in the Italian game. Fighting before Sunday's 1-1 draw between Bologna and Roma left eight people in hospital, two with stab wounds. After the game a Roma supporters' bus was stoned and set on fire.

PARAGRAPH 4. But Italy is not the only country suffering from what used to be called "the English disease". At the weekend police in Bucharest fired tear-gas and made 20 arrests after a pitch invasion at the Steaua-Dinamo derby, reflecting a marked growth in hooliganism in Romania. The Greek first division match between PAOK Thessaloniki and Olympiakos Piraeus last week was abandoned after one of the linesmen was left concussed by home fans furious at a disallowed goal, a decision which brought 10,000 people on to the streets of Salonika in protest. In neighbouring Albania, Skenderbeu Korce were fined and docked three points last month after a brawl involving players, fans and the referee.

PARAGRAPH 5. Hooliganism is taking its toll on the South American game too. An Argentinian judge suspended all second division matches this month in an effort to combat rising violence. The same judge halted the first division for two weeks in May for the same reason.

PARAGRAPH 6. Football violence has claimed 37 lives in Argentina in the Nineties and leading clubs routinely have to dole out free tickets and cash to their gangsterish fans, known as barras bravas, whose activities include extortion. This is leading to a frightening atmosphere. A recent survey in Brazil found that 61 per cent of fans said they stayed away from matches because they were too scared to attend..

PARAGRAPH 7. FIFA is considering the postponement of the Confederations Cup, scheduled for January, which may persuade the world champions France to take part, a FIFA spokesman said yesterday.

Column A	Column B
36. Paragraph 1	A. FIFA's response
37. Paragraph 2	B. not to blame
38. Paragraph 3	C. Legal action is taken
39. Paragraph 4	D. Violence in the news again
40. Paragraph 5	E. A widespread problem
41. Paragraph 6	F. A climate of fear
42. Paragraph 7	G. Violence at the core of Italian football

Volunteering Opportunity	Activity	Benefits
English Teaching	Helping with English(15)	Significantly improve the (16) of many children and adults
Agriculture and Farming	Promoting sustainable and (17) farming	-Promote (18) farming methods -Educate local communities
Veterinary Medicine	-Helping the vet with (19) -Joining the vet on home visits	-Amazing insights into the country - See a lot of fascinating animals -Gain a greater (20) of the difficulties in the country.

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Soccer Violence

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